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 Královéhradecký krajHistory of the village Jeseník nad Odrou [ History ]
Part Jeseník Cadaster of the village is situated in the southwestern part of the Protected Landscape Area Poodří, the only Jeseník lies northwest of Nový Jičín. Jeseník nad Odrou of today includes in sum five villages that were gradually connected namely in 1957 Hrabětice were connected with Jeseník nad Odrou, in 1975 Polouvsí and in 1976 Blahutovice and Hůrka. History of the village in a word The village Jeseník nad Odrou was founded in so-called "Moravian colonisation" in the 12th century by monastery of Rajhrad. In 1169 prince of Olomouc Bedřich presented so far houseless territory round Hranice then also territory of Jeseník nad Odrou to this monastery. In 1201 this region was presented to monastery Hradisko by Olomouc and so it descended to demense of Hranice. Here is for the first time named a small river "Jessennicie", it is not however unmistakable if in the relationship with Jeseník. It is however probable that mentioned stream was named after already founded settlement. In the 14th century it belonged to lords of Kravaře. In 1383 it was by Vok of Kravaře sold even with village mayority to canon of Olomouc Vilém of Kortenlangen who made it in 1399 over to sanctifying bishop Mikuláš. Name of the village occurs in two versions: Jasenice i Jessenyk. The first instrinction of German influence happened then already in the 13th and 14th century when depopulated region was after invasion of Tatars and Kumans again colonized. In 1406 - 1481 the village is in the hands of lords of Kravaře and in criminal proceedings /1406/ there is mentioned name "Gesnyk njemeczki". Other owners" 1595 - Václav Adam Podštátský of Prusinovice, /the first records on number of residents: 58 inhabitants of it 5 Czechs/, 1599 Bohuš of Zvole, 1616 evangelic Adam Šťastný Žampach of Podštejn /he participated eagerly in rising/, 1639 Ludvík Tharoulle / at that time the estate Vražné was connected /, in the half of the 17th century lords of Zvole, 1684 Jiří Kraštof-free lord of Opruskov, 1685-1800 family of lords of Witten and Andlern, 1800 countess Truchsess-Zeil-Frauenburg, 1821 dr. Valentin Laminet from Opava, 1831 František Hubert knight Stucker of Meiersdorf, 1835 Emanuel Julius Roger de Resseguier marquess of Miremontr, 1848 Maxmilián Viktor d Hamoncóurt, ever 1851 Ferdinand Zinner from Vienna, 1892 Caroline of Cischini inherited it. She gave it over to her nephew Jindřich Stecher who was the owner till 1945. Estate urbary from 1650 was preserved. Lords of Witten established in the direction of Hůrka a colony Wittenberk that was disestablished about 1818 /reputedly because of trespass in feudal forests/. Economic changes after the Thirty Years' War can be determined from so-called rectification acts and committees. In 1667 on September 28th it is in the committee protocol recorded that in German Jeseník there were 18 big farmers who had 22-24 measures of fields, 8 three-quarter-farmers with 15-21 measures, 14 half-farmers at 15 measures and 21 small-farmers or cottagers "who sow nothing and 8 of them side one farmer". Together 61 of all. According to auditoring record of 1th July 1676 there were in sum 58 farmers and from so-called Fassionstabely zur Rektifizierung from 1749 it can be seen that farmers already had a larger extent and the only from the village / at Nr. 9 / even 2 measures of forest. During visitation in 1755 there were in German Jeseník 3 holders of estate /65-60 measures/, 9 half-fielder /58-54 measures/, 25 half-fielders /38-31 measures/, 3 quarter-fielders / 22-16 measures/ and gardeners. There were 17 cottiers without land. In 1848 to estate belonged villages Jeseník and Dolní Vražné. After disestablishment of corvée there were held mayor's, town councillors' and municipal board's voting together with estate Vražné. Not until 1850 there was independent voting in both the villages. During land reform in 1927 /area of 277 hectares/ remainded estate Jeseník with malt house were settled on to the owner from occupation. Wholly divided was yard Dolní Vražné. The settlement Hrabětice, connected on 20th May 1957 to village Jeseník nad Odrou, on the former demense of Hranice, was founded in 1776. There used to stand sooner yard of Blahutovice in which cattle was farmed. In 1776 land was sold to 13 colonists and borders were demarked. During putting landmarks it was still used old-fashioned custom - beating with "zerule". The village was built suddenly in 1776-1777. Nowadays there are in the settlement 16 houses even with lodge. The first integration of both the villages happened during occupation in 1942. Original cadaster 440 hectares, with name Graffen Dorfel, Grafendorf since 1790. Name of the village reflects extensiveness of forests in Moravia. Except this it indicates even great expansion of settlements of colonization type on the forest land. Development of name" Jessennicie /stream, small river ?-1201/, Jesseník, Jessenyk Jessnik thentonicalem /1397/, "from Gessnyk nemeczky" /1406/, "from Jesenmika /1407/, Jasenice till 1926, Německý Jeseník /since 1926/, Nový Jeseník /1945/, Jeseník /since 1st February 1946/, Jeseník nad Odrou /since 1st July 1947 On 28th July 1914 World War I broke out. Mobilization was made on 1st August 1914. On front there were almost 200 men from the village, 28 of it were killed in war, 7 were missing. Years 1916-1918 were scarred by lack of food. Papers for bread, meat, sugar, fats, coffee substitute and soap were established. Allowances were wanting and that is why people gave for food jewellery, appliances, dress and clothes when there was lack of money. Local farmers had food only for foreigners and for a large sum of money. Obligatory supplies were established and requisitions made. From church tower 2 bells /610 and 320 kg/ were handed over to military authority on 14th September 1916, on 21st June 1917 even school bell /3,2 kg/ and on 22nd September 1917 protest church bell, at the end of the same year also organ pipes. At the end of war in 1918 soldiers left front and came back to their homes on their own. Declaration of the Czechoslovak Republic on 28th October 1918 was accepted by German population indifferently. The whole oppressed Czech minority took breath, it fell off partly the economic press of German burgeoisie. The Czech element grew stronger. In 1910 there were from 1212 inhabitants registered 4 Czechs, in 1920 from 1147 inhabitants 79 Czechs, in 1930 from 1118 inhabitants 104 Czechs. A big piece of awareness work among Czechs was performed by affiliated company of National unity that was founded on 11th May 1924. The first chairman was Rudolf Avrat, later then Postmaster Alois Bancíř. Fire company has been in the village since 1880, gendarmerie was into the village translated from Starojická Lhota in 1910. The village has been supplied with direct electric current since 1904 from Jeseník's mill. At the beginning of 1935 local production of electric current was limited and the village was connected to public electrical power network (MSE) with alternative current. Gothic cross at lindens over the village was built in 1912. The lindens were planted in 1773. The railway was adapted to double-line one since 1872. On March 1943 transshipping depo on the station Jeseník nad Odrou was put into operation, cancelled in 1947. At the beginning of World War II - the year 1938 featured with extraordinary activity of tze Czech minority but also unity of conspiracy of German population. After mobilization on 23rd September happened on 29th September 1938 the Munich diktat. Since 7th October 1938 the Czech residents left the village that was on 10th October 1938 occupied by German army. For villages Jeseník n.0., Hrabětice, Hůrka, Blahutovice, Polouvsí and Vražné it was here established so-called "Civil office". During the war lack occured, papers were established, collections of rubbish, textile and money were held. From agricultural granges horses were bought back, labor forces were imported from Poland, they worked under police supervision and were marked "P". During World War II 45 men were killed in war, 20 men were missing. The village was liberated by Soviet army in the evening on 5th May 1945. Most of German population were evacuated several days before it. After capitulations of German army on 9th May 1945 they gradually came back to the village from the region of Czechmoravian highlands. By decrees of republic president Nr. 12/45 Sb. and 108/45 Sb. the property of Germans and quislings was confiscated. Immediately after liberation the first Czech settlers came. Already on 8th May 1945 some of them /Chromec Vojtěch, Dostál Josef, Vahalík František/ entered upon chairmanship of the village until the vote of local administrative committee on 7th July 1945 /Jurčák Josef, Pavlík František, Chromec Vojtěch, Cudaš František, Matýska Stanislav, Jašek Josef/ and managed settlement of the village which was wholly finished already in August of that year. New settlers came mostly from Wallachia. On 25th August 1945 it was established according to proportional representation of 4 political parties and from 2 representatives of ČSM the first 18-member Municipal people's committee. The first chairman was František Pavlík and from 10th December 1945 Vojtěch Sklenák. As per December 31st 1945 there were in the village 651 Czechs and 828 Germans. Withdrawal of Germans was made in 3 transports in July to October 1946 so that number of inhabitants of the village as per December 31st 1946 made up 917 Czechs and 3 Germans. As per November 1st 1945 made exchange of money 500 Czechoslovak crowns per person in new currency. Other money were invested on blocked deposit from which amounts were released according to valid regulations. Political conditions after 1945 The first voting on 26th May 1946 had following results: Communist party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) - 209 votes, Czechoslovak folk party (ČSL) - 112 votes, National socialists - 51 votex, social democrats - 41 votes. According to these result a new people's commitee was constituted whose chairman stayed until 9th November 1946 Vojtěch Sklenák, until 3rd April 1947 V. Král, then Heřman Jančařík and since 23rd November 1948 Vojtěch Kozák. In 1948 a local broadcast was developed /200 000 Czechoslovak Crowns/ and cooperative laundry was established. February 1948 "put an end" to political fractionalism of our work force. It stopped political discords and leading of the village targeted the building of socialistic society. It stayed still weak opposition, as it is unmistakable in results of voting to NS and NV on 30th May 1948, when from 526 voters 411 citizens voted for unified ticket and 111 voters handed over white tickets, 4 were invalid. Established MAV NF, whose first chairman was Rudolf Skoumal, solved fairly heavily debatable political problems. The following years feature with active efforts of Communist party of Czechoslovakia on removing wants of supply, preparation of agricultural collectivization even help to newly built industry. New price policy since 1st January 1949 was featured to gradual removing of paper system /since 1st January 1949 released bread, flour, flour products and set up free market of textile and foot/, that was disestablished on 1st June 1953. As per the same date a monetary reform was performed during which actual money were exchanged for the new one in the rate of 1:5 to 1:50. Local people's committee took over since 1st January 1950 keeping of registers of the born, dead and marriages for ward of Jeseník nad Odrou, Hrabětice, Blahutovice, Polouvsí. Adapted marriage hall. With keeping the registers was entrusted Františka Polášková. It was instituted Board for citizen's matters. Since 1st January 1964 the keeping of registers was assigned to Municipal people's committee in Nový Jičín. The strongest and most active party in the village since 1945 was the Communist party of Czechoslovakia. Considerable influence had since 1948 the Czechoslovak folk party. Considerable activity since 1945 was pursued by the Czechoslovak youth's pool and the Local folk library and OB. Educational system Still before the building of German school building it was taught in house Nr. 65 since about 1683 only for "better children". A record in register of the town Nový Jičín from 1685 about marriage of administrator of Jeseník's school Georg Friedrich bears witness of it. With endeavour of the school founder - owner of estate Anna Kateřina Laopoldina of Witten the teacher had 1 measure of field, garden and meadow, a coach of hay, something sheaf, incomes of teaching from suzerain, parents and subsidiary incomes, especially church ones. The first wooden school building was built after 1700. Because of seediness it was replaced by new, wooden building in 1760 on present place: In 1826-1828 a rebuilding was carried out. In the meantime it was taught in house Nr. 124. In 1857 it was extended for the second classroom and teacher's flat. Building of present school building was started on 11th May 1875 and still in the same year /May 12th/ it started to be taught in there. For economical reasons the village decided for cheaper but less suitable building what has consequences up today. Until desestablishment of demense patronage over the school /1868/ and until the first payment of teachers from public funds on the base of law from 1870 that liberated education from the power of church and suzerain social conditions of teachers were degrading. In 1814 there was at school set up "book of honest", into which the best pupils were booked. It happened after the fashion of well-known castle Kunvalds's school that was for eighteen months /1807/ attended also by František Palacký. Organization of school: 1880 - 3 classes, 1888 - 4 classes, 1925 - 3 classes, 1934 - 1945 2 classes. Teaching the Czech language was established on 5th October 1920, Rudolf Palacký from Suchdol nad Odrou taught. Oneroom minority school for children from Jeseník and Mankovice was established since 1922 - adaptation of house Nr. 135 to which teacher's flat was set up. In 1925 - 1926 a new building of Czech school was built - present house Nr. 182 that was festively opened under participation of the Czechs from wide surroundings on 27th June 1926. Understairs of this building was since 1st June 1928 situated Czech kindergarten. The Czech school became a cultural centre of the Czechs from wide surroundings. It was held here various cultural actions, played theatre performances. After liberation in 1945 teacher Václav Bartoň entered upon leading of school matters who was in short time replaced by Vojtěch Sklepák. Already on 3rd September 1945 a regular school teaching was begun in 3 classes with 95 pupils. Taught by: Vojtěch Sklepák - schoolmaster, Václav Bartoň and Stanislav Lankočí. As per 1st September 1947 - school was fourroom, since 1st September 1948 - fiveroom. Religious conditions The first document of designation of Roman Catholic vicar Hinko to bishop of Olomouc to Jeseník nad Odrou dates back to 1389. It is sure that parish was founded already before this year. Then reports until 1560 are missing. In the village Luther's doctrine spread out and Luther's pastors worked here until 1622: In the following years the region was violently recatholized. Parish became deserted and the village was in 1633 assigned to a parish of Šenov even with right of enjoyments. Register was assigned there as well. As late as in 1688 it was again built up an independent parish from the villages Jeseník n.0., Blahutovic, Hrabětic and Polouvsí. Original church was made of wood. It burnt down in 1710 during big fire of the village. Probably even parish burnt down because' from that time neither official files nor registers excepting one register book beginning in 1708 were preserved. On the place of burnt small church a present brick church was built that was finished in 1752. Over entry of church there are emblems of lords of Witten who started the building and of lords of Andler who finished the building. Cemetery round the church was liquidated in 1853 and new one was set up on present place. Stony cross opposite church entry there is original cemetery cross from 1822. In 1887 tower was ended with iron cross. In the base of the tower there are deposited in sealed iron-plate box: a short description of history of church, parish, village, 3 exemplars of newspaper of that time and photographs. Old original ending of tower was placed /with year 1887/ on small tower over the main altar. Of the fight again Hussite traditions bears evidence a statue of St. Jan of Nepomuk built in 1732 at the expense of earl Rudolf of Witten. Gothic cross "at lindens" over the village was Since 1st January 1950 register is kept by Municipal people's committee Jeseník nad Odrou. Connection and transport Post office was established in 1869. By that time the village belonged to the Post office Nový Jičín, later to Suchdol nad Odrou. The ward was made up by villages Jeseník n.0., Hrabětice, Blahutovice and Polouvsí. Telegraph service was established since 1902, public call-office set up in 1909, telephone central since 1910 ? 3 participants, automatic exchange since 1952. Post office was first situated in building house number 85, since 1905, then in local pub /nowadays cultural centre/ house Nr. 150, since 1945 in townhall, house Nr. 240. Old roads and footpaths, at'no matter if amber or oxen /cattle/, did not go through the village. The oxen road leading through Polouvsí to Hůrka touched the eastern edge of cadaster, amber road led through Vražné. There is a good connection with all the surrounding villages, originally through municipal roads that were gradually assumed and adjusted by the District Road and Highway Board Nový Jičín. A road to Hůrka was built in 1870, to Mankovice in 1886, to Blahutovice in 1892, to Dub through Polovsí in 1903, to Vražné in 1905. Transport from mill to Suchdol's station was made since 1872 by light horsy railway that was in 1990 adapted to electric one powered by own mill power station. Tap line was disestablished in 1938. Preparation for building of so-called "Northern railway of Ferdinand the emperor" /originally for connection with Halič/ were started in 1842, section Ostrava - Lipník nad Bečvou was finished in 1845 and in the same year it came into operation. The railway bought back a house standing on place of present stop and in 1880 there was built a stop. To double-line the railway was adapted from the year Economic base The greatest company in the village was steam-mill with bakery belonging since 1692 to the Till's family. Development of this plant has characteristic features of growth of capitalist. From small water mill laying 1,5 km north of the village grew at the beginning of the first quarter of the 19th century until end of World War I a well managed and prosperous enterprise. In 1838 it installs as the first in Austria a modern French mill set, further steam engine /1846/, it establishes bakery /1844/, bakery oil fired oven /1868/, rotary cleaner %18691, a new more efficient steam engine /1883/, water turbine /1885/, own power station /1884/. The enterprise was since 1872 connected by own electric tap line with station in Suchdol nad Odrou, in 1890 it builds new steam bakery in Ostrava. Capacity before World War I: 3 wags of corn and as many as 6 000 breads a day. The bakery was disestablished in 1953. In 1775 Leopold Scheuer assumed from demense a lord distillery into hire. In 1813 he bought back distillation right and house Nr. 85 and since 1829 the enterprise was checked in as distillery and vinegar factory. It gained its reputation mainly by its "Jeseník's bitters". Lords brewery was in operation until 1896. After its disestablishment it was in 1900 rebuilt to malt house. Even this was in 1927 disestablished. Nowadays only original cellars stayed.
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INFORMATION: http://www.jeseniknadodrou.cz Type: History LAST MODIFY: Ivana Náplavová org. 56, 24.11.2003 v 16:37 hodin Copyright 1998-2025 © Luděk Šorm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||